Nuclear radiation/radiation detection

Radioactive material is a substance containing radioactive nuclides, such as uranium, thorium, strontium, cesium, and other elements, widely used in industries such as medicine, industry, agriculture, and energy. However, these radioactive substances pose a potential threat to humans and the environment, and therefore require content testing. The purpose of nuclear radiation testing is to determine the level of nuclear radiation received by the environment, food, water sources, human bodies, etc., in order to ensure public health and safety. Nuclear radiation mainly includes ionizing radiation (such as α Radiation β Ray and γ Radiation and non ionizing radiation (such as neutron radiation), which may come from nuclear power plants, nuclear accidents, medical equipment, industrial sources, etc. Classification of radioactivity: 1) What is radioactivity? It refers to the spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei of elements, such as α Radiation β Radiation γ The phenomenon of radioactive decay forming stable elements and stopping radiation is also known as nuclear radiation. 2) Classification of radioactivity: natural and artificial radioactivity. 3) Nuclear radiation: Nuclear radiation, or commonly referred to as radioactive nuclear radiation, is the microscopic particle flow released by atomic nuclei during the process of transitioning from one structure or energy state to another structure or energy state. 4) Classification of radiation: α radiation β radiation γ The hazards of radiation radiation: 1. Normal background dose radiation exposure will not affect human health; 2. Long term living in environments with high levels of radiation can lead to: a. various radioactive diseases; b. Causing changes in cellular chemical balance, leading to carcinogenesis; c. Changing the genetic material DNA within cells, affecting the next generation; d. Shortened lifespan; e. Excessive dosage can lead to short-term death; The detection scope of nuclear radiation: 1. Personal dose monitoring: measuring the personal radiation dose of personnel by wearing a personal dosimeter or nuclear radiometer to evaluate their radiation exposure. 2. Environmental monitoring: Use environmental radiation monitoring instruments to measure nuclear radiation levels in the environment, including radiation in the atmosphere, soil, and water sources. 3. Food and water source testing: Samples of food and water sources are taken and analyzed using nuclear radiation testing equipment to determine their nuclear radiation levels. 4. Nuclear medicine testing: Nuclear medicine equipment (such as γ Cameras are used for nuclear medicine diagnosis of the human body and also monitor radiation doses. 5. Nuclear Facility Monitoring: Conduct radiation monitoring of the environment around nuclear power plants, factories, and other nuclear facilities to ensure compliance with radiation safety standards. Emissive elements: α、β Radioactive surface contamination γ Energy spectrum measurement γ Total amount measurement, radiation intensity, radon, radon concentration in soil and radon exhalation rate on soil surface, soil radon, total water content β Radioactivity testing, total in water α、 total β Radioactivity testing, total in water α Radioactivity detection, total amount of drinking natural mineral water β Radioactivity detection, uranium in soil, carbon-14 in air, and settling ash samples γ Spectral analysis, total amount of settled ash samples α total β Radioactive measurements, aerosol samples γ Spectral analysis, radon in the air, soil radon, radon release rate, uranium in the air, cesium-137 in aerosols, strontium-90 in settling ash, strontium-90 in aerosols, strontium-90 in sediments, radioactive nuclides in soil samples: radium-226, thorium-232, potassium -40, total aerosol samples α total β Radioactivity measurement, strontium-90 in soil samples, radon in air, radon in ambient air, radium-226, iodine-131 in air, soil samples γ Spectral analysis, material surface radon emission rate, sediment samples γ Spectral analysis, uranium, radium-226, thorium-232, potassium 40, tritium in urine, biological samples γ Spectral analysis, cesium-137, verification and calibration of channel type vehicle radiation detection system, X- γ Personal dose; Testing standards: 1. JJF 1248-2010 Calibration Specification for Channel Type Vehicle Radioactivity Detection System; 2. GB6566-2010 Limits for Radionuclides in Building Materials; 3. E "Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control in Civil Building Engineering" GB50325-2010 Appendix 4; GB8538-2016 (52) National Food Safety Standard for Drinking Natural Mineral Water Inspection Method; 5 GB/T 14582-1993 "Technical Specification for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring" HJ/T167-2004 Appendix N "Scintillation Bottle Measurement Method for Radon Concentration in Air" GB/T16147-1995 "Standard Measurement Method for Radon in Environmental Air" GB/T14582-19936, GB/T 16145-2020 Radionuclides in Biological Samples γ Energy spectrum analysis method 7, GB 11214-89 Analysis and determination of radium-226 in water 8, GB 50325-2010 Code for indoor environmental pollution control in civil construction engineering (Appendix E: Determination of radon concentration in soil and radon release rate on soil surface) 9, HJ 816-2016 Radiochemical analysis method for cesium-137 in biological sample ash 10, GBZ 128-2016 Occupational external exposure personal monitoring code () 11, GB/T 14582-93 Standard measurement method for radon in ambient air 12 EJ/T 1035-2011 Analysis Method for Strontium-90 in Soil 13, HJ/T 167-2004 Technical Specification for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Appendix N Continuous Radon Meter Method 14, GBZ/T 182-2006 Measurement Specification for Indoor Radon and Its Decay Products 15, HJ 840-2017 Analysis Method for Trace Uranium in Environmental Samples 16, HJ 815-2016 Radiochemical Analysis Method for Strontium-90 in Water and Biological Sample Ash 17, GB/T 16146 Requirements for Indoor Radon and Its Daughters 201518, GB/T 14583-1993 α、β Measurement of Radioactive Surface Pollution 19, GB/T 5750.13-2006 Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water - Radioactivity Index 20, WS/T 184-2017 Determination of Radionuclides in the Air γ Energy spectrum analysis method