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Wool types

Wool has different classification methods and names

Wool

① According to histological structure: hair fibers can be divided into two types: pitted hair and unmyelinated hair. Medullated hair is composed of three layers of cells: scales, cortex, and medulla; Without medullary hair or medulla. The scale layer has a protective effect, and its shape and arrangement can affect the moisture absorption, felting, and reflective light ability of wool. The cortical layer is connected below the scale layer and is related to the strength, elongation, and elasticity of hair fibers. The finer the wool, the greater its proportion. The medullary layer is the main feature of medullary hair, located in the center of the hair and composed of loosely structured, air filled polygonal cells; It is easy to distinguish the degree of development by observing the transverse section under a microscope. The more the medullary layer develops, the thicker the fiber diameter and the lower the process value ② According to the growth characteristics, tissue structure, and technological characteristics of hair fibers, it can be divided into down, hair, two types of hair, prickly hair, and dog hair. Among them, prickly hair is short hair that grows on the face and lower limbs, and has no technological value; Dog hair is the thicker hair formed by the primary hair follicles in the early embryonic development of fine haired lambs, which is gradually replaced by unmyelinated hair during lactation. Therefore, there are only three basic types of wool that can be used as raw materials for woolen spinning: down, hair, and two types of wool. The down is distributed at the bottom of the coarse wool blanket. The fine wool blanket is entirely composed of fluff, with fine and uniform fibers, an average diameter of no more than 25 microns, and a length of 5-10 centimeters. It is soft and flexible, with good elasticity and soft luster. Hair, also known as coarse hair, is divided into three types: normal hair, dry hair, and dead hair, forming the outer layer of coarse wool blanket. The normal hair fineness is 40-120 microns, with less bending and a lack of softness. The medullary layer of fine hair is less developed, the cortical layer is relatively thick, the fiber elasticity is large, and the process value is high. The tissue structure of dry hair is the same as that of normal hair, but the tip is dry and lacks luster. The medullary layer of dead hair is particularly developed, with thick and hard hair that is fragile and easily broken. Two types of hair, also known as intermediate type hair, have a fineness and other technological value that lies between the fuzz and hair

Shearing wool

③ According to the fiber composition of the wool cover, it can be divided into identical wool and mixed wool. The former includes fine wool, semi fine wool, and advanced improved wool, with similar fiber fineness, length, and other appearance characteristics; The latter includes coarse wool and lower generation improved wool. The wool strand is composed of a mixture of down, two types of wool, and hair. The fiber thickness is not consistent, and the textile value is low. It is mainly used as a raw material for blankets, carpets, and felt products The variety structure of wool in the world is generally 31.3% fine wool, 42.3% semi fine wool and hybrid wool, and 26.4% carpet wool. The original sheep breeds in China belong to Mongolian sheep, Tibetan sheep, and Kazakh sheep. The wool produced is of coarse quality and belongs to mixed wool, mainly used for carpet wool. Mongolian wool includes both cold wool with a fineness of 52-58 counts and coarse wool. Tibetan wool is longer, with more two types of wool in the wool strand, good fiber elasticity, and luster, making it a better quality type of mixed wool; Xining wool produced in Qinghai is a good raw material for bed blankets and carpets. Kazakh wool is often mixed with colored hair such as yellow and brown, with more dry and dead hair in the strands. After the 1950s, on the basis of introducing fine wool sheep and semi fine wool sheep from abroad, China successively developed varieties such as Xinjiang fine wool sheep and Northeast fine wool sheep, which improved the quality of wool

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